Popular Korean alcoholic beverages include Soju, Makgeolli and Bokbunja ju. Vietnam (also written as Viet Nam, Vietnamese: Việt Nam, [vîət nāːm] ()), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnamese: Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam), is a country in Southeast Asia and the easternmost country on the Indochinese Peninsula.With an estimated 97.8 million inhabitants as of 2020, it is the 16th most populous country in the world. It has participated in most major conflicts that the United States has been involved in the past 50 years. A 2014 Euromonitor study found that South Koreans drink the most alcohol on a weekly basis compared to the rest of the world. Between 1592 and 1598, Toyotomi Hideyoshi launched invasions of Korea, but his advance was halted by Korean forces (most notably the Joseon Navy led by Admiral Yi Sun-sin and his renowned "turtle ship")[115][116][117][118][119] with assistance from Righteous Army militias formed by Korean civilians, and Ming dynasty Chinese troops. [341] Smaller airlines, such as Jeju Air, provide domestic service with lower fares. [267] In modern times, before the formation of South Korea, Korean independence fighters worked with Chinese soldiers during the Japanese occupation. South Korea has four distinct seasons; spring, summer, autumn and winter. It is a developed country with a high-income economy and is the most industrialized member country of the OECD. The weakness of Korean Sindo, which, unlike Japanese Shinto and China's religious system, never developed into a national religion of high status,[235] combined with the impoverished state of Korean Buddhism (after 500 years of suppression at the hands of the Joseon state, by the 20th century it was virtually extinct) left a free hand to Christian churches. [363] Around 60% of all Korean elders, age 65 and over are entitled to a 5% benefit of their past average income at an average of 90,000 Korean Won (KRW). Boys' uniforms usually consist of trousers and white shirts, and girls wear skirts and white shirts (this only applies in middle schools and high schools). In addition, virtually all of Korea's major cities were destroyed by the war.[125][126][127][128][129]. [375], Following cyberattacks in the first half of 2013, whereby government, news-media, television station, and bank websites were compromised, the national government committed to the training of 5,000 new cybersecurity experts by 2017. [231] The number of Protestants has been stagnant throughout the 1990s and the 2000s, but increased to a peak level throughout the 2010s. Korean New Year's Day, or "Seollal", is celebrated on the first day of the Korean lunar calendar. [348][349] As of 2010[update], South Korea and Turkey are in negotiations regarding construction of two nuclear reactors. In 2010, there was an escalation in attacks by North Korea. The percentage of foreign nationals has been growing rapidly. The country, including all its islands, lies between latitudes 33° and 39°N, and longitudes 124° and 130°E. [273] The situation was largely resolved by South Korea making significant military concessions to China in exchange for THAAD, including not deploying any more anti-ballistic missile systems in South Korea and not participating in an alliance between the United States and Japan. The South Korean government's structure is determined by the Constitution of the Republic of Korea. After Goryeo was replaced by Joseon in 1392, Joseon became the official name for the entire territory, though it was not universally accepted. Football and baseball have traditionally been regarded as the most popular sports in Korea. – He filled in for BTOB‘s Ilhoon in some of his performances with Hyuna for the song “Roll Deep” Spring usually lasts from late March to early May, summer from mid-May to early September, autumn from mid-September to early November, and winter from mid-November to mid-March. Its southern tip lies on the Korea Strait and the East China Sea. BTS ARMY Supports The Band Against Racism. The major administrative divisions in South Korea are eight provinces, one special self-governing province, six metropolitan cities (self-governing cities that are not part of any province), one special city and one special self-governing city. [170] Most South Koreans live in urban areas, because of rapid migration from the countryside during the country's quick economic expansion in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. [340] A second carrier, Asiana Airlines also serves domestic and international traffic. In February 2016, the Kaesong complex was closed by Seoul in reaction to North Korea's launch of a rocket earlier in the month[259] unanimously condemned by the United Nations security council. Lowlands, located primarily in the west and southeast, make up only 30% of the total land area. In addition to male conscription in South Korea's sovereign military, 1,800 Korean males are selected every year to serve 18 months in the KATUSA Program to further augment the United States Forces Korea (USFK). Post-war modern Korean art started to flourish in the 1960s and 1970s, when South Korean artists took interest in geometrical shapes and intangible subjects. [211][215], The system's rigid and hierarchical structure has been criticized for stifling creativity and innovation;[216][217] described as intensely and "brutally" competitive,[218] the system is often blamed for the high suicide rate in the country, particularly the growing rates among those aged 10–19. Indeed, the relationship that was worked out in the late seventh and early eighth centuries can be considered the beginning of the mature tributary relationship that would characterize Sino-Korean interchange most of the time until the late nineteenth century;". [165], In April 2016, South Korea's population was estimated to be around 50.8 million by National Statistical Office, with continuing decline of working age population and total fertility rate. The septet—composed of RM, Jin, Suga, J-Hope, Jimin, V, and Jungkook—co-writes and co-produces much of their own output. [296], Unresolved tension with North Korea has prompted South Korea to allocate 2.6% of its GDP and 15% of all government spending to its military (Government share of GDP: 14.967%), while maintaining compulsory conscription for men. [313] The vast majority of these are young men from the Jehovah's Witnesses Christian denomination. Like many democratic states,[161] South Korea has a government divided into three branches: executive, judicial, and legislative. The government developed the nationwide expressway system, the Seoul subway system, and laid the foundation for economic development during his 17-year tenure, which ended with his assassination in 1979. 1", "A 'C' Change in Spelling Sought for the Koreas", "Korean Classics : Asian Collections: An Illustrated Guide (Library of Congress – Asian Division)", "Korea, 1000–1400 A.D. | Chronology | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History", https://books.google.com/books?id=RHXG0JV9zEkC&pg=PA140, https://books.google.com/books?id=RHXG0JV9zEkC, "195 (III) The problem of the independence of Korea", "20 years later, father still seeks truth in son's death", "How long will Seoul protests remain peaceful? [361], South Korea's old-age pension scheme covers individuals age 60 or older for the rest of their life as long as they have satisfied the minimum of 20 years of national pension coverage beforehand. [358] The national pension covers employees who work in firms that employ five or more employees, fishermen, farmers, and the self-employed in both rural and urban areas. Since the success of the film Shiri in 1999, the Korean film industry has begun to gain recognition internationally. ", "Korea, Russia Enter Full-Fledged Space Partnership", South Korea Confirms Contact With Satellite Lost, "Scientist Yi So Yeon becomes first Korean astronaut", "S. Korea Completes Work on Naro Space Center", "S. Korean satellite lost shortly after launch", "Global Insider: South Korea's Space Program", "South Korea's first rocket ready – at last", "S. Korea DAPA commissioner confirms 500 km-range ballistic missile development research", Android Has Human-Like Skin and Expressions, "Female Android Debuts in S. Korea, National Geographic, May 15, 2006", South Korean Robot English Teachers Are Go, "Bio International Convention Korea Country Profile", "Discovery Channel :: News – Animals :: Endangered Wolf Cloned in South Korea", "South Koreans drink twice as much liquor as Russians and more than four times as much as Americans", "Exhibit Focuses on Traditional Architecture", "UNESCO World Heritage: Republic of Korea", Brief Review of Korea Modern Architecture, "Still, slow waters of Korean architecture", "S.Korea's Screen Quota Hinders Market Access", "S. Korean Game Developer NCsoft Interested in Pro Baseball", "Professional baseball rising in popularity", "Japan beats South Korea to be Baseball Champions", "South Korea takes Olympics baseball gold", "Dextro Energy International Triathlon Union World championship Series Seoul", "New Jersey, Mexico, and Korea dropped from 2014 F1 calendar", Key Development Forecasts for South Korea, United States Army Military Government in Korea, List of World Heritage Sites in South Korea, Politics of North Korea#Political parties and elections, North Korea and weapons of mass destruction, International adoption of South Korean children, China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit, Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia, China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting, Association of East Asian Research Universities, China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit leaders and foreign ministers, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Korea&oldid=1010559889, Korean-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1948, Articles with Korean-language sources (ko), Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the World Factbook, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2005, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with dead external links from February 2009, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles with self-published sources from December 2017, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2016, Articles containing potentially dated statements from May 2009, Articles with obsolete information from March 2012, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from May 2012, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 6 March 2021, at 02:34. [293] In 1967, South Korea obliged the mutual defense treaty, by sending a large combat troop contingent to support the United States in the Vietnam War. On October 12, 2011, the U.S. Congress passed the long-stalled trade agreement with South Korea. According to Seoul National University Hospital and his aides, Paek had been in the hospital since January of last year with symptoms of pneumonia. [219][220] Former South Korean hagwon teacher Se-Woong Koo wrote that the South Korean education system amounts to child abuse and that it should be "reformed and restructured without delay". In the North, however, a former anti-Japanese guerrilla and communist activist, Kim Il-sung was appointed premier of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in September. [269], China has become South Korea's largest trading partner by far, sending 26% of South Korean exports in 2016 worth $124 billion, as well as an additional $32 billion worth of exports to Hong Kong. A fully functioning UN Command is at the top of the chain of command of all forces in South Korea, including the U.S. forces and the entire South Korean military – if a sudden escalation of war between North and South Korea were to occur the United States would assume control of the South Korean armed forces in all military and paramilitary moves. "Republic of Korea" redirects here. [362] The national pension scheme is divided into four categories of insured persons – the workplace-based insured, the individually insured, the voluntarily insured, and the voluntarily and continuously insured. However, South Korean and Japanese relations later soured because of conflicting claims of sovereignty over the Liancourt Rocks. Every meal is accompanied by numerous banchan. The close relationship began directly after World War II, when the United States temporarily administrated Korea for three years (mainly in the South, with the Soviet Union engaged in North Korea) after Japan. [142] South Korea is home to three terrestrial ecoregions: Central Korean deciduous forests, Manchurian mixed forests, and Southern Korea evergreen forests.[143]. The two countries sought to improve bilateral relations and lifted the forty-year-old trade embargo,[268] and South Korean–Chinese relations have improved steadily since 1992. Korean art has been highly influenced by Buddhism and Confucianism, which can be seen in the many traditional paintings, sculptures, ceramics and the performing arts. At the end of 2015, approximately 4% of the population are foreigners. 김남주 등 대통령표창…어떻게 선정됐나", "2020 Annual Gala - Van Fleet Award Honorees", "Record Numbers Embrace Overseas Online Shopping", "BTS Lead The Growth Of Hallyu To Nearly 90 Million Fans Worldwide In 2018", "Buoyed by BTS, trade surplus of music-related sectors recovers to pre-2016 level", "BTS tops Billboard 100 list: How K-pop helped Korea improve its economy", "How BTS and other K-pop idols are adding zest to banks' branding", "Gara-gara Jungkook BTS, 'Downy' Kehabisan Stock 2 Bulan Dalam Sehari, K-Media Sebut 'BTS Effect, "Mattel Announces Official BTS Collaboration", "Barbie, K-pop's BTS power Mattel's surprise revenue rise; shares jump", "The BTS billions: K-pop superstars 'worth more than US$3.6 billion a year' to South Korea's economy", "K-pop Group BTS Induces Production Worth 4 Tril. The lack of a strong response to these attacks from both South Korea and the international community (the official UN report declined to explicitly name North Korea as the perpetrator for the Cheonan sinking) caused significant anger with the South Korean public. [287] South Korea asked the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to ban the Japanese Rising Sun Flag from the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo,[288][289] and the IOC said in a statement "sports stadiums should be free of any political demonstration. South Korea has won more medals in the Winter Olympics than any other Asian country, with a total of 45 (23 gold, 14 silver, and 8 bronze). South Korea tends to have a humid continental climate and a humid subtropical climate, and is affected by the East Asian monsoon, with precipitation heavier in summer during a short rainy season called jangma (장마), which begins end of June through the end of July. [386] The government plans to develop Naro-2 by the year 2018.[387]. [221] The system has also been criticized for producing an excess supply of university graduates creating an overeducated and underemployed labor force; in the first quarter of 2013 alone, nearly 3.3 million South Korean university graduates were jobless, leaving many graduates overqualified for jobs requiring less education. South Korea went on to sign a Free Trade Agreements with Canada and Australia in 2014, and another with New Zealand in 2015. Following the surrender of Japan, in 1945, the Republic of Korea (대한민국/大韓民國, IPA: ˈtɛ̝ːɦa̠nminɡuk̚, lit. [391], In 2005, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) developed the world's second walking humanoid robot, HUBO. During its height, Balhae controlled most of Manchuria and parts of the Russian Far East, and was called the "Prosperous Country in the East". ", "South Korea's Education Success Has a Dark Side", "Why South Korea Is So Fixated With the College-Entrance Exam", "Vocational Education and Training in Korea: Achieving the Enhancement of National Competitiveness", "Drive for education drives South Korean families into the red", "South Korean education ranks high, but it's the kids who pay", "South Koreans Consider The Trades Over University Education", "Korea Awash with the Under-Skilled and Overeducated", "High performance, high pressure in South Korea's education system", "South Korea's schools: Long days, high results", "The Pressures of the South Korean Education System", "Korea: Overview of the Education System (EAG 2019)", "South Korean students wracked with stress", "Intensely Competitive Education In South Korea Leads to Education Fever", "The All-Work, No-Play Culture Of South Korean Education", "Korea's Rigorous Education System Has Delivered Growth, but It is Literally Killing the Country's Youth", "Over 3 Million Highly Educated People Unemployed", "Lee calls for end to prejudices against non-college graduates", "S Korea's vocational education needs to tackle its shortcomings", "Bleak job prospects drive South Korean youth to vocational schools", "Meister of Korean school reform: A conversation with Lee Ju-Ho", "Chinese, Second-most Popular Foreign Language at Schools in South Korea", "Global Index of Religiosity and Atheism 2012", "Christianity, Shamanism, and Modernization in South Korea", Health at a Glance 2015 |OECD READ edition, "Life expectancy increased by 5 years since 2000, but health inequalities persist", "WHO – World Health Statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the SDGs", "Mental health services and R&D in South Korea", "WHO-AIMS Report on Mental Health in Republic of Korea", "Can North Korea get South to join dispute with Japan over two islands in Asia? Almost all South Korean students today learn English throughout their education, with some optionally choosing Japanese or Mandarin as well. In response to then-Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi's visits to the Yasukuni Shrine, former President Roh Moo-hyun suspended all summit talks between South Korea and Japan in 2009. Most South Korean middle schools and high schools have school uniforms, modeled on western-style uniforms. Naval Forces Korea. [239] It became soon a dominant religion in the southeastern kingdom of Silla, the region that hitherto hosts the strongest concentration of Buddhists in South Korea. In the aftermath of the 1988 Seoul Olympics, South Korea has witnessed a wide variation of styles in its architectural landscape due, in large part, to the opening up of the market to foreign architects. Approximately 3 million people died in the Korean War, with a higher proportional civilian death toll than World War II or the Vietnam War, making it perhaps the deadliest conflict of the Cold War-era. Employees between the ages of 18 to 59 are covered under the workplace-based pension scheme and contribute 4.5% of their gross monthly earnings. [186] The average life expectancy in 2008 was 79.10 years,[187] (which was 34th in the world[188]) but by 2015 it had increased to around 81. The estimated area rises steadily from year to year, possibly because of land reclamation. Employers are also covered under the workplace-based pension scheme and help cover their employees obligated 9% contribution by providing the remaining 4.5%. [163] South Korea is ranked 45th on the Corruption Perceptions Index (9th in the Asia-Pacific region), with a score of 57 out of 100.[164]. The Korea national basketball team has won a record number of 23 medals at the event to date.[432]. ", "North, South Korea pledge peace, prosperity", "Seoul reaffirms N. Korea's torpedo attack in final report", "Seoul Decides to Continue Kaesong Project, Humanitarian Aid", "Seoul shuts down joint North-South Korea industrial complex", "North Korea rocket launch: UN security council condemns latest violation", "South Korean president says Olympics have lowered tensions with North", "South Koreans meet North Korean leader Kim for talks about talks", "Asia Times – News and analysis from Korea; North and South", "Chinese and South Koreans Formally Establish Relations", "Defense Ministry's regular press conference on July 28", "Thaad retaliation slashes Olympics visitors from China", "China wins its war against South Korea's US THAAD missile shield – without firing a shot", "Moon Jae-in Making Friends By Importing More Gas", "Are Warming Russia-South Korea Relations a Game-changer? Previous exceptions for South Korean citizens of mixed race no longer apply since 2011.[301]. They are also more difficult to design and implement than a Feed-in tariff. The South Korean military is ranked as the 6th most powerful military force in the world as of 2020. Graduating from a top university is the ultimate marker of prestige, high socioeconomic status, promising marriage prospects, and a respectable career path. [59][60] In addition to contesting for control of the Korean Peninsula, Goguryeo had many military conflicts with various Chinese dynasties,[61] most notably the Goguryeo–Sui War, in which Goguryeo defeated a huge force said to number over a million men. Voluntarily and continuously insured persons consists of individuals 60 years of age who want to fulfill the minimum insured period of 20 years to qualify for old age pension benefits. [50][51][52], During the period known as the Proto–Three Kingdoms of Korea, the states of Buyeo, Okjeo, Dongye and Samhan occupied the whole Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria. There also is an 'active old-age pension' scheme that covers individuals age 60 to 65 engaged in activities yielding earned income. The country largely ceased to be an authoritarian state following the June Struggle of 1987, and is now considered among the most advanced democracies in Asia, with high levels of press freedoms. However, in a court ruling of 2018, conscientious objectors were permitted to reject military service. President Park Geun-hye's administration was formally accused of corruption, bribery, and influence-peddling for the involvement of close friend Choi Soon-sil in state affairs. BTS (Hangul: 방탄소년단; RR: Bangtan Sonyeondan), also known as the Bangtan Boys, is a seven-member South Korean boy band formed in Seoul in 2013.The name became a backronym for Beyond the Scene in July 2017.The septet co-writes and produces much of their output. [328] Although it was severely harmed by the Asian economic crisis of the late 1990s, the South Korean economy managed a rapid recovery and subsequently tripled its GDP. The US has over 23,000 troops stationed in South Korea, including the U.S. Eighth Army, Seventh Air Force, and U.S. )", "US Soldiers in Korea Negative About Rotation to Middle East", "Foreign Teachers Unenthusiastic Over Culture Course", "Childbirths in S. Korea grow 5.7 pct in 2010", "South Korea's fertility rate is the lowest in the world", "S. Korea's childbirth tally drops to another historic low in October", "Fertility rate dips below 1 in 2018: official", Life expectancy at birth, total (years) |Data |Table, "South Korea Now Open For Foreign Students", "Korea – Student performance (PISA 2015)", "What the world can learn from the latest PISA test results", "South Korea: Kids, Stop Studying So Hard! As president, Park oversaw a period of rapid export-led economic growth enforced by political repression. Spotify launched in South Korea The streaming service entered the world's sixth-largest music market on Tuesday (Feb. 2). [357] Among East Asian countries, China was the most receptive, investing 1.4 billion in South Korea, with much of the investment within its service sector, a sevenfold increase from 2001. Citizens of some other countries are required to apply for a 15-day visa at immigration checkpoints on arrival, while others must apply for one before they leave. A team in the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology developed the first Korean android, EveR-1 in May 2006. [156] Efforts have also been made with afforestation projects. The South Korean government blamed North Korea for these attacks, as well as incidents that occurred in 2009, 2011 and 2012, but Pyongyang denies the accusations. A concise history of Korea, p. 64, at Google Books; excerpt, "China found instead that its policy of using trade and cultural exchanges and offering legitimacy and prestige to the Silla monarchy was effective in keeping Silla safely in the tributary system.
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